基于SBE法的广东省生态景观林带美景度评价

采用美景度评价法(SBE法)对广东省生态景观林带进行评价，分析影响生态景观林带景观水平的主要因子，探讨生态景观林带景观构成要素与景观质量的关系。结果表明，不同专业、性别、学历、年龄的人群在森林审美态度上具有一致性，其评判结果能够反映森林美景度的实际情况；对53张照片评价SBE值，最大为1.4454，最小为-1.6917；对美景度影响较大的4个因子，即色彩丰富度(X6)、色泽明度(X7)、生活型(X8)、生长状况(X9)，建立的多元线性回归模型是 Y=1.902-0.346X6-0.461X7+ 0.206X8-0.584X9。     

Development of the hand and wrist bones in chimpanzees

Skeletal developmental of chimpanzees was studied cross-sectionally. By application of the TW2 method, we described the skeletal development of chimpanzees and compared their skeletal development with humans'. A development pattern of chimpanzees repeated accelerations and decelerations displaying “early-juvenile trough,” “pre-adolescent peak,” “mid-adolescent trough,” and “post-adolescent peak” in incremental curves. Sex differences in skeletal development are slower development in males during infant and early juvenile phases, and greater increment around the adolescent phase in males. Females are fully mature at younger ages than males, e.g. about one and a half years. In comparison with chimpanzees, humans have such characteristics as a longer slower period of juvenile development and a shorter spurt-like adolescent fast period which ends with full maturity.     

Application of the most probable number method to estimations of entomopathogenic nematode populations in soil

The calculation of most probable numbers (mpn) was used for the estimation of numbers of infective entomopathogenic nematodes in soil. The mpn concept was first introduced in bacteriology as a means of estimating numbers of organisms in a substrate without a direct count, in cases where direct enumeration could not be applied. In the work reported here, soil samples infested with infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis megidis (isolate HF85) were diluted with uninfested soil and the diluted soils were baited with mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor). The mpn of infective units of IJs in the undiluted soil was calculated. The mpn calculation was found to be applicable to entomopathogenic nematodes in soil under particular conditions. It could be successfully applied to data for the response of soil units but not to the data based on the response of individual insects, as the latter did not confirm to a Poisson series. The calculated mpn represented between 2.9 and 7.1% of the initial inoculum of IJs. It was suggested that IJs might act as a group in infecting an insect host. Using the data for Tenebrio mortality on parasitisation, the mpn based on quantal response of the mealworms would therefore not give the true density of IJs in the soil sample but the effective density, or the quantity of infective units. Although the biological significance of the infective unit needs further clarification, mpn was found to be a useful parameter for use in comparative experiments.     

Estimating Arundo donax shoot biomass

We developed an equation for estimating Arundo donax shoot dry weight from shoot length. The equation, shoot dry weight (g) = 14.254 (standard error = ±0.275) × shoot height² (m), was as effective at explaining a high proportion of total variation in shoot dry weight (R² = 0.90) as more complicated equations containing additional morphometric parameters. Tested against two independent datasets, the equation provided accurate estimates of dry weight for shoots ranging from 0.3 to 7.06 m height (dataset 1, P < 0.0001, R² = 0.87, N = 29; dataset 2, P < 0.0001, R² = 0.82, N = 192). The equation provides aboveground biomass estimates from stem counts and heights more rapidly than harvest methods.     

Testing for Validity and Reliability in Cross-Cultural Research

A set of procedures is offered for assessing interraler reliability and certain aspects of validity of codes in cross-cultural studies. The method assumes that at least two independent raters have coded more than one trait. Each trait coded by one rater is correlated with each trait coded by a second, and all the codings by a single rater are intercorrelated with each other. The results are presented in a multitrait-multi-rater matrix. From this matrix it is possible to determine the interrater reliability and discriminant validity of trails in addition to a higher order concept based on pairs of traits.     

一种改进的小麦吸浆虫淘土调查方法及其效果

在多年调查实践的基础上,提出了一种改进的小麦吸浆虫Sitodiplosismosettana(Gelin)淘土调查方法——袋筛箩瓷盘法,并通过试验比较了该方法与传统的箩筛法和近年提出的袋筛箩盐水法的淘捡效果。结果表明,袋筛箩瓷盘法淘捡幼虫多,时间花费少。袋筛箩瓷盘法与袋筛箩盐水法比较,两者的捡虫效果相当,袋筛箩瓷盘法花费时间略少,但不需用食盐调节水的比重,减少了经济支出;与箩筛法比较,箩筛法的捡虫效果仅是袋筛箩瓷盘法的83%,且花费时间比后者多1倍。建议在生产上及时大范围推广袋筛箩瓷盘法淘捡小麦吸浆虫技术。     

饲养黄曲条菜跳甲实验种群的一种新方法

介绍一种简便可行的饲养黄曲条菜跳甲Phyllotretastriolata(F.)的新方法———整苗大瓶罩养法。用5种植物根部饲养越冬代,黄曲条菜跳甲均可成功地完成其生活周期,未成熟期最高存活率为63.3%,成虫平均寿命最长为219.2d,平均产卵量最大为192.4粒雌。     

生态城市指标体系与评价方法

生态城市是依据生态学原理提出的一类社会-经济-自然协调发展的城市。目前生态城市理论研究主要应用在城市的规划、设计和管理上。生态城市建设的评价是衡量生态城市规划、建设、管理成效的主要依据。在对生态城市理论和内涵详细分析的基础上,采用专家咨询的定性和定量信息构建了扬州生态城市评价指标体系,该指标体系包括了城市复合生态系统中社会、经济、自然3个子系统,反映生态城市的内涵和衡量生态城市各子系统的状态、动态和实力。为对各级指标进行综合,提出了全排列多边形图示指标评价方法,评价生态城市在各个规划时段的建设成效。评价结果表明,扬州生态城市的综合发展能力市在2005规划年将达到0.44,在2010规划年将达到0.64,在2020规划年将达到0.85。评价方法简单直观,代数计算结果考虑了各级指标临界值对综合指标的放大和紧缩效应,反映了整体大于或者小于部分之和的系统整合原理。